The Effects of the Externalization of Ideas and Discussion on the Transmission of Knowledge : A Case Study of the Science Lesson on the “Functions of flowers"

[著者版]本研究では，各学習者の内的な理解状態を他者に明示させながら相互作用を促すことが概念的知識の一般化にどのような効果があるかを検討した。手続きとして，予想時に生徒が小グループで議論を行う際に，個人の考えがよく見えるように画用紙という道具を使って議論をする群と個人の考えを口頭でのみ発表する群に分け，比較した。結果からは，単に口頭により議論をさせることに比べ，自分の考えを書いたものを示しながら議論することは，概念的知識の一般化に有効であることが分かった。また，学習者が考えを変更していく過程では，問いの創出や擁護，同意といった説明活動が生じていることもうかがうことができた。 This research project examined how quickening the interaction in the class as each student pointed out their ideas to others affected the transmission of knowledge. The procedure was to divide the students into small groups and compare them. The students in some groups discussed their ideas orally. The students in the other group also presented their ideas orally but also drew pictures to illustrate their ideas. The result was that explaining and making the individual student's idea visibl was more effective in the transmission of knowledge. Moreover, it emerged that discussing and externalizing the idea resolved mental conflicts and helped to promote explanatory activities such as protection, agreement and questioning